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The effects of the dietary addition of orotic acid were studied on lipid levels in the rat liver and serum, 1,2-diacylglycerol levels in some organs, activities of antioxidant liver enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase), and serum enzyme activities (ornithine carbamoyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase), after feeding for 0, 7, 14, and 21 d, respectively. Rats on the orotic acid diet accumulated more liver total lipids, triacylglycerol, and phospholipids than those on the basal diet. However, the levels of serum triacylglycerol and phospholipids of those rats were markedly decreased after 7, 14, and 21 d on the diet. Dietary orotic acid increased the 1,2-diacylglycerol levels in the liver of rats fed for 14 or 21 d, but not in the ileum of small intestine, vastus lateralis muscle, and heart. The addition of orotic acid lowered the activities of liver total and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase after feeding for 7, 14, and 21 d. The serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity after 14, and 21 d and that of serum alanine aminotransferase after 7, 14, and 21 d were increased. These data suggested that the increase in the activities of serum enzymes tested may result from liver damage induced by the marked accumulation of liver lipids and possibly from the increased superoxide anion because of the decreased activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase by orotic acid feeding.

Dietary Orotic Acid Increases 1,2-Diacylglycerol Level and Lowers Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Rat Liver.