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The hypoglycemic effect of To-Kai-San (TS) was studied in normal mice, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, one of the animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with hypoinsulinemia, and KK-Ay mice, one of the animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with hyperinsulinemia. TS (1,500 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of the KK-Ay mice from 441 +/- 36 to 285 +/- 52 mg/100 ml 7 h after a single oral administration (p &lt; 0.001). However, no changes in blood glucose were observed in the normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice. TS also decreased the blood glucose 20 days after repeated administration to normal and KK-Ay mice. In addition, TS-treated KK-Ay mice showed decreased plasma insulin levels after both single and repeated administration. From these findings, it is believed that TS may require the presence of insulin to display its activity.

Hypoglycemic Activity of To-Kai-San (Chinese Medicines) in Normal and KK-Ay Mice.