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Mechanisms of the adverse effects of dietary Tween 20, Tween 60, Span 20, sodium taurocholate (NaTC), sodium deoxycholate (DOC), sodium laurylbenzene sulfonate (LBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and of the ameliorating effect of the concurrent feeding of dietary fiber were investigated along with releases of the hydrolase activities, which were localized in the brush border membrane of rat small intestine, during a jejunum perfusion in vivo. The releases of sucrase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase activities from the jejunum with Ringer bicarbonate solution (RBS) perfusion for 150 min proceeded at a constant rate after RBS perfusion for the first 30 min. The detergents were perfused after RBS perfusion for 60 min. In Tween 20- or 60-RBS perfusion at the 2% level, the released sucrase activity gradually increased, reaching a level 3 times that with RBS perfusion 90 min after the beginning of Tween 20- or Tween 60-RBS perfusion. With NaTC- or DOC-RBS perfusion at the 0.5% or 0.2% level respectively, the released sucrase activity reached a level 3 to 4 times that with RBS perfusion within 30 min of the beginning of NaTC- or DOC-RBS perfusion, but that with Span 20-RBS perfusion at the 2% level was slightly lower compared with that with RBS perfusion. On the other hand, with SDS- or LBS-RBS perfusion at the 0.5% level, the released alkaline phosphatase activity rapidly reached a level 3 to 4 times as high as that with RBS perfusion. The inclusion of Gobo dietary fiber at the 0.04% level with Tween 20-RBS perfusion completely eliminated the releasing effect of Tween 20 on sucrase activity. These results suggest that the primary cause of the adverse effects of the feeding of these detergents is the exfoliating or releasing effect thereof on the brush border membrane, together with the inhibitory effect of some of these detergents on intestinal disaccharidase activities, and that the dietary fiber prevents the exfoliating or releasing effects of several detergents on the brush border membrane.

Mechanisms of toxicities of some detergents added to a diet and of the ameliorating effect of dietary fiber in the rat.