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Japanese are unique among the peoples of developed countries in having a high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20:5) from fresh fish and this may in part contribute to their low incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Mass spectroscopic analyses of eicosapolyenoic acids (C20:3, C20:4 and C20:5) were carried out on the serum of aged persons living on Kohama island in Okinawa and known to have the lowest incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Japan. All but 4 of the 77 persons examined (73.94 +/- 7.81 years old) led active fishing-farming lives. The total amount of eicosapolyenoic acids in the serum of persons on Kohama island (46.77 +/- 7.46 mg/100 ml) was higher (p less than 0.001) than that in people on mainland Japan, owing to the higher intake of fresh fish (147.7 g/day). A positive correlation (p less than 0.01) was found between serum C 20:5 concentration (6.82 +/- 2.54 mg/100 ml) and high density lipoprotein concentration (55.38 +/- 13.83 mg/100 ml). In addition, there were positive correlations (p less than 0.01) between serum C 20:3 concentration (6.58 +/- 1.61 mg/100 ml) and total cholesterol (188.60 +/- 32.30 mg/100 ml), and triglyceride and skinfold thickness. The blood pressure level (p less than 0.01), incidence of abnormal ECG (p less than 0.05), and salt intake (6.2-8.3 g/day) estimated from urinalysis, were all lower than the average figures for Japanese of similar ages. No persons examined showed Q-wave on ECG. The percentage of smokers and drinkers were similar for Kohama island and mainland Japan.

Eicosapolyenoic acids of serum lipids of Japanese islanders with low incidence of cardiovascular diseases.