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The health workers are now facing increasing number of people with blood borne infections like HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. There are estimated 40 million people globally living with HIV and 95% of HIV-infected people live in the developing countries.1,2 Surveillance data is scarce in Nepal; however, limited data indicate that HIV prevalence is currently around 0.3 percent in the general population and the estimated number of adults and children living with HIV/AIDS is 60,018.3 About 5% of patients were HIV positive in Bir Hospital, with 7.5% of male patients in medical wards HIV positive.4 Similarly, the prevalence of hepatitis B in different groups of population in Nepal varies from less than 1% to 16%.5 The study of Liver Foundation Nepal has estimated that the number of people with chronic infection with hepatitis B is 200,000. Acute hepatitis has been found to be caused by hepatitis B infection in 6%, cirrhosis in 12% and liver cancer in 34% to 64%.5 The study of Liver Foundation Nepal has similarly estimated that the number of people with chronic infection with hepatitis C is about 20,000 in Nepal. Acute hepatitis has been found to be caused by hepatitis C infection in >1-2%%, and liver cancer in 5%.5

Decontamination to protect health workers who clean instruments