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The number of officially reported cases of HIV infection and of Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Nepal remains low in comparison with numbers in many other countries. The current estimated HIV infection rate of the adult population in the age group of 15–49 years is 0.5%. The reported number of HIV cases is above 3,500 but the estimated number of adults and children living with HIV/AIDS in about 62,000. Results of studies among intra-venous drug users and sex workers are alarming. Nepal's open border with India (where HIV infection rates are rapidly rising) and the high level of physical mobility within Nepal and abroad, associated with widespread labor migration, triggered by armed conflict means that there is a real danger of a rapid spread of HIV. Hundreds of thousands of Nepalese men seek work in India as migrant laborers, while up to 100,000 Nepalese women work in India as prostitutes. Engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse where the prevalence of HIV infection among the general population is comparatively high naturally puts one at risk of contracting HIV. 1 In Nepal, the topography, environmental degradation, poverty and economic migration are all linked, and they combine with other factors to increase vulnerability to HIV. 2

Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Nepal