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In recent years, with the advancement of 3D technologies, medical institutions have started to use 3D display systems for endoscopic surgeries in place of conventional 2D systems so that medical staff may obtain depth information during surgeries. Most 3D displays, however, require them to wear special glasses, which often disturb medical operations. To overcome this problem, we need to develop an autostereoscopic display system that enables multiple users to observe high resolution and high quality 3D images simultaneously. While parallax barrier is one of the simplest and the most well-known method to attain autostereoscopy, the resolution of the observed image is low due to its slit structure. Time-division multiplexing parallax barrier solves this problem by alternating the barrier pattern and the interleaved stereo image synchronously 1)2). To expand the viewing zone, head-tracking technology has been introduced to follow the observer's motion 3)-6). By detecting the position of the observer's eyes and changing the barrier pattern and the displayed image accordingly, the viewing zone is expanded in the horizontal direction. Zhang et al. have proposed time-division quadruplexing parallax barrier, which holds a wider viewing zone for each viewpoint with less crosstalk 7)-10). As shown in Fig. 1, they proposed a 4-view system to show 2-view images. When a left-eye image "L" is shown at pixels A and B, and a right eye-image "R" is shown at pixels C and D, we obtain 4 viewpoints aligned as "LLRR." With this configuration, 3D images without crosstalk are observed when the left eye is between points A and B, and the right eye is between the points C and D. Based on this system, shift of the slits by subpixel and sub-subpixel unit (smaller than the width of subpixel) has been introduced, which realizes finer control of barrier slits to reduce crosstalk 11)12). The fine shift is enabled when the slits are slanted as shown in Fig. 2, which also reduces moiré caused by the layered panels without destroying stereoscopy. The viewing zone in the depth direction has been expanded by changing the number of time-division adaptively as shown in Fig. 3 13). The persisting problem of the conventional parallax barrier systems is that it allows only one observer, which limits the range of application regardless of its low cost and thin structure. Here we propose a method to realize Abstract We propose an autostereoscopic display allowing two observers with adaptive fractional timedivision multiplexing parallax barrier. Fractional time-division suppresses perceived flickers when the order of slit position is properly set. To make sure that both of the observers are located in the proper viewing zones to enable stereoscopy simultaneously, the number of time-division multiplexing is switched in accordance with the distance between them. The viewing zone without crosstalk for the second viewer is evaluated theoretically.

[Paper] Autostereoscopy for Two Observers by Adaptive Fractional Time-Division Multiplexing Parallax Barrier