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The effects of glucose and fructose in the presence or absence of iron or copper on the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in calf-thymus DNA were examined. Glucose (5 and 10 mM) and fructose (10–200 μM) increased 8-OHdG formation 1.9–2.8 times and 3.0–8.3 times compared to the control, respectively. In the presence of fructose (200 μM), copper (50 μM) was found to increase 8-OHdG formation 46.2 times compared to the control, and 3.8 times compared to the iron (50 μM)-treated value. The stimulatory potency of 8-OHdG formation by fructose (200 μM) in the presence of copper (50 μM) was much stronger than that by glucose (10 mM) in the presence of iron (50 μM) or of copper (50 μM). Sorbitol, 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal in the presence or absence of copper had no or weaker stimulating effects on 8-OHdG formation than fructose in the presence or absence of copper. These results suggest that fructose in the presence of copper has the potential to dramatically induce oxidative DNA damage.

Induction of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Formation in DNA by Fructose and Glucose in the Presence of Copper