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Sex ratio (ratio between the number of male and female individuals in a population) is an important factor  contributing to the survival rates of the population in wild. Imbalanced sex ratio is often the cause of diminished survival  rates  of  endangered  species.  The  analysis  of  DNA  collected  through noninvasive  methodologies  effectively  allows  to  monitor populations of rare species or species that are difficult to observe in the wild. Such method was used to determine  the sex ratio in populations of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in the Tatra National  Park. We collected over 250 samples (mostly excrement) in the area of the Tatra National Park and identified species  via microsatellite genotyping and determined the sex using fragments of the CHD gene. We found that the majority of  the samples belonged to male specimens irrespective of the species suggesting a large deviation from an equal sex ratio  in wild populations of capercaillie and black grouse in the Tatra National Park. Our results point out the fundamental  contribution of genetic assessment of sex ration to monitor the viability of both species in the Tatra National Park.

Biased sex-ratio in woodland grouse population of the Tatra National Park, suggested by molecular sexing of non-invasive samples