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43 Introduction. Agriculture­ is­ by­ far­ one­ of­ the­main­consumers­of­ the­Earth’s­ fresh­ water.­According­to­expert­assessment,­70%­ of­water­withdrawals­from­watercourses­and­ groundwater­ are­ for­ agricultural­ usage,­ three­ times­more­ than­50­years­ago­[1].­By­ 2050,­the­global­water­demand­of­agriculture­ is­estimated­to­increase­by­a­further­19%.­ Water­is­an­important­but­poorly­studied­ element­of­livestock­and­poultry­production.­ It­ is­ estimated­ [2]­ that­ livestock­ industries­ consume­8%­of­the­global­water­supply,­with­ most­of­that­water­being­used­for­intensive,­ feed-based­ production.­ Water­ using­ for­ livestock­and­poultry­production­should­be­ considered­ an­ essential­ component­ of­ agricultural­ water­ resource­ management,­ taking­ into­ account­ the­ type­ of­ production­ system­ (e.g.­ grain-fed­ or­ mixed­ croplivestock)­and­scale­(intensive­or­extensive),­ the­species­and­breeds­of­livestock,­types­of­ water­supply­sources,­social­factors­etc.­ A­ lot­of­chemicals,­or­ their­degradation­ products,­present­in­water­used­for­livestock­ may­occasionally­be­ transmitted­ to­humans­ in­ links­ of­ the­ biogeochemical­ chain­ soil­ – forming­ rocks­ –­ water­ –­ animal­ food­ –­ humans­ [3].­ For­ example,­ the­ presence­ of­ cadmium­ Сd­ in­ the­ aquatic­ environment­ and­in­livestock­drinking­water­is­of­concern­ because­ it­ bioaccumulates.­ The­ biological­ half-life­ of­ cadmium­ is­ approximately­ 200­ days.­ It­ can­ persist­ in­ animal­ tissue­ longer­ than­ antagonistic­ trace­ metals­ (Zinc,­ Copper),­causing­delayed­ toxicity.­The­rate­ of­ Cd­ absorption­ is­ higher­ when­ ingested­ through­water­as­compared­to­dietary­intake.­ Cadmium­is­retained­in­the­liver­and­kidney­ (near­ 75­ %),­ but­ may­ also­ be­ found­ in­ muscle­tissue­and­milk­[4]. International and Ukrainian water quality guidelines for livestock and poultry watering.­ Usually­ it­ is­ considered­ that­ livestock­ and­ poultry­ need­ water­ of­ similar­ quality­ or­ INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY ASSESMENT FOR THE ANIMAL WATERING IN VELYKOSNYTINSKE EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FARM OF NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

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Integrated water quality assesment for the animal watering in Velykosnytinske education and research farm of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine