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The 3-D particle tracking velocimeter was applied to the detailed turbulence measurement in a flow downstream of the one-side expansion of a two-dimensional channel. The mean velocities as well as the second-order statistics of three turbulence components, which will be useful in evaluating various turbulence models, have been calculated from about 2x106 measured instantaneous velocity vectors. Based upon the analysis of the forward-flow fraction, the mean reattachment length is determined as (7.0±0.5) times the step height. The anisotropy measures of turbulence components show that the spanwise velocity fluctuation is the largest near the wall in the reattaching region unlike the equilibrium wall-layer turbulence. This fact must be properly taken into account in numerical predictions of turbulent separated and reattaching flows.

Turbulence measurement in a separated and reattaching flow over a backward-facing step with the three-dimensional particle tracking velocimeter.