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Head-to-head droplets without coalescence can be realized if there exists a temperature gradient over the free surface of the droplets under the condition of the non-zero temperature coefficient of the surface tension. The present authors focus upon unique behavior of the particles suspended in droplets formed between the coaxial cylindrical rods with a temperature difference. Several kinds of patterns emerged in the hotter droplet will be introduced. Spatio-temporal particle behaviors are reconstructed by applying three dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3-D PTV). This phenomenon is a potential way for the mixing in the liquid droplet without any mechanical components such as motors.

Behavior of particles suspended in non-coalescence head-to-head droplets formed between coaxial rods with temperature difference