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Photographs have been presented for plane submerged water jets influenced by both boundaries of a free and a solid surface. Visualization of the flow and diffusion of contaminants were realized by a solid tracer method using polystyrene particles, and turbulence in the flow direction of the developing jets was measured with a hot-film anemometer. The jet issuing horizontally from a nozzle attaches to the solid surface or to the free surface, and the latter are classified into six flow types. Discussions are given on the flow characteristics and the diffusion of the momentum and the contaminants for each type of the jets. Their features are greatly associated with the direction of the jet deflection to the boundary. The jet attaching to the free surface spreads below the region near the attachment point further than that attaching to the solid surface, and it encourages the diffusion of the contaminants. The results for another flow patterns, which appear on lowering a water level, are also displayed.

Characteristics of Plane Submerged Water Jets Influenced by Boundaries.