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A two-component van der Waals gas model is proposed to describe the hadronicstages of the evolution of a nuclear fireball in the cooling stage. At thefirst stage of hadronization, when mesons dominate, a two-component meson model($\pi^0$ and $\pi^+$ -mesons) with an effective two-particle interactionpotential of a rectangular well is proposed. At the late-stage hadronization,when almost all mesons have decayed, a two-component nucleon model of protonsand neutrons is proposed with the corresponding effective rectangular nucleonpotential. The saddle point method has been applied for analytical calculationsof the partition function. This made it possible to uniformly obtain analyticalexpressions for both the pressure and density, taking into account the finitedimensions of the system, and the analytical expressions for chemicalpotentials. It is assumed that the proposed models and derived formulas can beused to analyze experimental data connected to the quantitative characteristicsof the particle yields of different types in the final state from the hadronicstages of the evolution of a nuclear fireball, as well as to determine thecritical parameters of the system in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.

Multicomponent Van der Waals model of a nuclear fireball in the freeze-out stage