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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of slow deep breathing in mindfulness exercises on physical health outcome among hypertensive patients.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two primary health care units (PCU) were selected as control and intervention groups. Samples were patients aged 35 - 59 years old, diagnosed with stage I hypertension. Both groups received the standard for hypertension guidelines treatment. The experimental group was added as a drill in observational breathing in mindfulness skills, which recognizes the feeling of adaptation to everyday life.  RESULTS: The physical outcomes were measured on the 6th week as follows: respiratory rate (RR); blood pressure (BP); and heart rate (HR) test. Those that were statistically significantly different in RR 4.7 (p = 0.007), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 6.7 (p = 0.008), HR 7.1 (p = 0.018), on the 12th week RR 9.0 (p < 0.001), and DBP 5.6 (p = .002) when compared to the control group. However there was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (6th and 12th week) and heart rate (HR) (12th week).  CONCLUSIONS: Slow breathing in mindfulness training should be introduced as a counterpart to modern medicine and promoted to stage I hypertensive patients for resting cardiovascular and blood pressure disease.  Keywords: slow breathing, mindfulness, physical health outcome, hypertension  Address Correspondence to author: Associate professor Pantip Sangprasert Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand. email: pantips162@gmail.com  Received: May 29, 2018 Revision received: June 1, 2018 Accepted after revision: June 25, 2018 BKK Med J 2018;14(2): 48-54.  DOI: 10.31524/bkkmedj.2018.09.009

Preliminary study of Slow Deep Breathing in Mindfulness Exercise Effects on Physical Health Outcome among Hypertensive Patients