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OBJECTIVE: This experimental research design was aimed at determining the effects of an Arm Swing Exercise (ASE) Program on blood sugar levels (HbA1c), nutritional status and perceived self-efficacy for exercise in persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).  MATERIALS AND MEDTHODS: Fifty-eight participants who met the research criteria were randomly selected into two groups: an experimental group receiving the ASE Program and a control group receiving routine nursing care. Data from demographic characteristics, perceived self-efficacy for exercise, HbA1c and nutritional status were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA.  RESULTS: The experimental group had significantly lower HbA1c, higher skeletal muscle and perceived self-efficacy for exercise compared to before the Program (p < 0.01; p < 0.05; p < 0.001, respectively); and significantly decreased waist circumference and increase perceived self-efficacy for exercise compared to the control group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001, respectively).  CONCLUSION: The ASE program is effective and efficient in controlling HbA1c and improving nutritional status.  Keywords: arm swing exercise program, blood sugar level, nutritional status, perceived self-efficacy for exercise, persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus  Address Correspondence to author: Associate Professor Sangthong Terathongkum, RN, Ph.D (Nursing), ACNP Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.  email: sangthong.ter@mahidol.ac.th  Received: June 5, 2018 Revision received: June 7, 2018 Accepted after revision: July 11, 2018 BKK Med J 2018;14(2): 34-39.  DOI: 10.31524/bkkmedj.2018.09.007

the bangkok medical journal

Effects of Arm Swing Exercise Program on Blood Sugar Level, Nutritional status and Perceived Self-Efficacy for Exercise in Persons with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus