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The article deals with the ethnic composition of the population of Western Siberia according to the all-Union population censuses of 1939 and 1959. On the basis of materials previously used only in the official order, the dynamics of the population, its territorial location are analyzed. The author traces the national composition of the population in the subregions of Western Siberia, analyzes the processes of assimilation and ethnic rapprochement of the peoples living in Western Siberia. It is shown that assimilation was natural, and not a continuation of the Russification policy, as claimed by some researchers. The study period was rich in events of the tragic plan-repression, which were aimed at national minorities, the war, during which the population suffered huge losses, evacuation and re-evacuation associated with the spatial movement of large masses of people. These event complicated the ethnic history of Western Siberia. In contrast to other regions of Russia and the Russian Federation as a whole, the share of ethnic Russians has decreased despite the assimilation of representatives of other peoples. Although it was more than 85 %. Western Siberia is a multinational region. The ethnic picture developed in it historically, and representatives of many people could find mutual understanding and consent. This is its uniqueness and originality.

The change in the national composition of the population of Western Siberia in 1939 – 1959