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Measuring carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum levels is frequently used as a biomarkerfor recurrent disease in follow-up after treatment of colorectal cancer. However, it is also elevated to asignificant degree in a number of other malignant and non-malignant conditions. In this case, we present apatient with ongoing elevated CEA levels without a clear cause.Case Presentation: A 57-year-old female patient with adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwentneoadjuvant chemoradiation and a laparoscopic low anterior resection. During follow-up she presentedwithout any clear symptoms but with an ongoing elevation of serum CEA levels, for which she underwentfour sequential PET-CT scans within one year without any sign of malignancy. Other causes of elevatedCEA levels were investigated and excluded by additional blood tests and imaging studies. Availableliterature was extensively reviewed but revealed no further possible explanations for the high CEA serumlevel.Conclusion: The manifestation of an exponential rise of CEA levels following the treatment of colorectalcancer in the absence of abnormalities is a rare presentation and remains a mystery. The cause of the elevatedCEA is yet to be elucidated

A Remarkable Case of Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen after Surgical Treatment of Rectal Cancer: A Search for its Mysterious Cause