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Primary lesions of the hyoid bone are exceedingly rare. This report would be the second case of a primary osteosarcoma (OS) of the hyoid bone ever reported. Case report: A 61-year old Ecuadorian woman noted an asymptomatic slowly growing mass in the upper part of neck two months before the first consultation on physical examination, a submental 6-cm, bilobulated, hard, fixed mass, extended to level IIA and the floor of the mouth, was found. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic nuclear imaging reported a tumor probably originated in the hyoid bone. A wide excision, including the hypoglossal nerve, was performed, followed by eight courses of adjuvant chemotherapy, with cisplatin with doxorubicin. Pathological study revealed a high-grade conventional osteogenic sarcoma. No evidence of distant disease was found 2 years and 7 months after initial treatment. Discussion: A review of the literature was performed. Among the largest series of head and neck OS, no case of hyoid bone OS was described. Clinical presentation, imaging studies, surgical management and adjuvant radio and chemotherapy were discussed. Conclusion: A wide local excision of a hyoid bone OS and adjuvant chemotherapy allowed a survival of two and half years after treatment.

Hyoid Bone Osteosarcoma: Report of A Case and Review of The Literature