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Background: Neurological complications (NC) after liver transplantation (LT) are frequent, appearing inup to 60% of patients. Etiology is often related to immunosuppressant neurotoxicity and opportunisticinfections. The use of basiliximab allows for less toxic immunosuppressive therapies. The aim of this studywas to evaluate the neurological complications present during the first 30 days after LT and to evaluate itsrelationship with renal function, immunosuppressive therapy, and mortality.Methods: A total of 231 recipients were included in the retrospective, longitudinal, and nonrandomizedstudy under 2 different immunosuppression protocols (with -group B- or without basiliximab -group A-).Results: NC were present in 14.3% of patients (n: 33), the average age of these patients was 55.4 years. Theincidence of NC was significantly higher in group A than in group B (19.5% vs. 9.3% p &lt;0.05), with nodifferences in the incidence of infection or rejection between both groups. The incidence of acute renalfailure, the need for renal replacement therapy, the days of admission to the ICU, the days of hospitaladmission, as well as mortality during admission and one year after LT were higher among patients withNC. However, when analyzing patients with a neurological complication, patients in group A had a higherincidence of complications than in group B.Conclusion: The use of immunosuppressive therapies that apply lower doses of anticalcineurinics and witha later onset, classically called nephroprotective as used in group B, could also be neuroprotective, reducingthe appearance of neurological complications and, therefore, morbidity. These findings most be verified instudies with a larger number of patients and randomized.

Neurological Complications after Liver Transplantation According to Immunosuppressive Therapy