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Objectives: To review the current management options for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) atacute presentation and assess the impact of each treatment modality on short- and long-term patient relatedoutcome.Study design: A PubMed search was undertaken for review articles from 1950 to 2019 using key phrases“Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma”, “trans-arterial embolization”, “resection”, “computed tomographicscan” and “conservative management”. Further manual search was performed to identify key articles fromthe reference list.Methodology: All papers with previous described management for ruptured HCC were reviewed. Themorbidity, mortality and comparison of various management options were reviewed. Current practiceguidelines were visited to identify common practice protocols.Conclusion: Ruptured HCC is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple managementoptions can be applied guiding by patient’s overall condition. Conservative management is associated withoverall poor outcome. Staged liver resection is associated with better outcome with improved morbidity andmortality.

Management and Outcomes of Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Practice