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Although macrocytic anemia can develop in patients with acute blood loss, such anemia in very old patients is uncommon. In this report, we describe the course of an 89-year-old woman who had a rapid recovery from macrocytic anemia by medication only after acute blood loss due to a gastric ulcer. She had been treated with antihypertensive drugs for the previous 28 years at our outpatient clinic, and was admitted because of acute anemia 6 days after she had experienced tarry stool. Her hemoglobin (Hb) count and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were 8.4 g/dl, and 103 fl, respectively. A gastroscopic examination indicated that the tarry stool originated from a fresh gastric ulcer. She was treated with an iron preparation, a diuretic and a proton pump inhibitor. The anemia was rapidly improved to Hb 10.5 g/dl and MCV 106 fl in one week, and to Hb 14.5 g/dl and MCV 99 fl in 4 weeks. At admission, she had slight pleural effusion and slight edema associated with an increase in her plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (323 pg/ml), and her left ventricular ejection fraction was 76% based on the echocardiography findings, which are signs of the high-output heart failure without remarkable left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (E/e': 11.2). However, these signs improved rapidly, and her BNP level thereafter decreased to 114 pg/ml within four weeks.

An elderly woman with macrocytic anemia and acute high-output heart failure following acute bleeding due to a gastric ulcer