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There is a large number of teachings about the state in legal philosophy and theory; however, even today in the 21st century, the idealistic and realistic view (teaching) about the state stands out. In the first, the essence of the state is contained in a surreal environment, and in this regard, this direction emphasizes what the state should be like. Three views of this direction still dominate today: utopian, natural, legal, and ethical-cultural. In realistic theories, the state is seen as a phenomenon of the real world in which the essence is contained in the experiential world, determined by laws. Considering that legal theories about the state are relatively young because their largest number originated in the 19th and 20th centuries, this contributes to determining the state as a logically regulated unity of legal norms that regulate the behavior of people in society. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on presenting the modern point of view of the utopian, natural law, ethical-cultural, sociological, and political point of view on the state today. The modern state is considered as an institution within which modern social theories operate.

ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE STATE IN LEGAL THEORY AND DOCTRINE OF THE MODERN AGE