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In Algeria, the region of Mostaganem is known for its agricultural soils with a sandy tendency and abnormally loaded with soluble salts affecting the yields of crops. To assess the salt tolerance threshold of the bean culture Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabales Fabaceae) variety “coco rose” was grown in plastic pots filled with two types of substrate, sand and sand amended with 7% bentonite (calcium clay of mining origin). The test was carried out in a greenhouse with controlled climatic conditions (variant temperature between 23-25°C, humidity is around 75% and a photoperiod of 12 hours). At the 5-leaf stage, irrigation with saline was provided with four saline concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 meq), the control is irrigated with distilled water. Two weeks later, the microscopic observations were made with an Optica type microscope, the results show a variability of the effect of saline stress depending on the organ and the concentration of the saline treatment. The anatomical structure of the treated roots and stems has shown significant anomalies; thus, the changes are marked by the decrease in the size of the parenchymal cells, that of the diameter of the xylem vessels and the increase in their number, under the action saline concentration (NaClCaCl2) and according to the type of culture substrate sand (S) and sand with bentonite (SB).

Anatomical changes of roots and steams of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabales Fabaceae) under salinity at juvenile state