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The stability and morphology of a moving interface between cation conductors AX and BX during an electric field-driven solid state reaction has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Linear stability analysis and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with nearest-neighbour interactions show that the morphological stability of the interface is essentially determined by the difference in the ionic conductivities of the two crystals. Simulated morphologies in the unstable regime range from fingers to fractals. Experiments have been performed with diffusion couples AgCl/KCl (immiscible, large difference in conductivities) and AgCl/CuCl (partially miscible, nearly identical conductivities). As predicted by the theoretical calculations, we observe morphological instabilities of the initially planar interface if the “faster phase” grows at the expense of the “slower phase”. The observed morphologies are discussed and compared with the morphologies obtained by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.

Thermodynamic and kinetic influences on the morphology of moving interfaces during solid state reactions