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Plastic deformations of materials generally originate macrostresses as well as microstresses between the constituents of the material. Both parts may contribute to the results of stress determinations. Their influence on the material behaviour, however, is different. Therefore, a detailed assessment requires the separation of the stress kinds. The present paper deals with the portions and the depth profiles of macro- and micro-residual stresses after uniaxial elongation and after mechanical surface treatments. The possibilities to separate stresses are discussed. It will be distinguished between one-phase, quasi-one-phase, two-phase and multi-phase materials. The measurement techniques include X-ray and neutron diffraction and mechanical methods. The paper reviews the published results and reports on recent studies.

Microstresses caused by uniaxial deformation and by mechanical surface treatments