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The activities of Mg and Al in solid Pd have been measured in the temperature range 1425 to 1725 K using metal-oxide equilibration technique under controlled oxygen partial pressures. Thin foils of Pd were sandwiched between pellets of either MgO or Al 2 O 3 . Oxygen partial pressures were established using H 2  + CO 2  gas mixtures and measured using a solid state cell based on yttria-doped thoria as the electrolyte. The concentration of Mg or Al in solid Pd was determined using inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The activity of Mg or Al was computed from the standard Gibbs energy of formation of MgO or Al 2 O 3  and the oxygen potential established by the gas phase. The very small values for the activity coefficients (2.3 · 10 –7γ   M  g   o$ \gamma _{Mg}^o $    &lt; 7.4 · 10 –5  and 2.2 · 10 –10γ   A  l   o$ \gamma _{Al}^o $    &lt; 3.6 · 10 –8 ) indicate unusually strong interaction between the solute and the solvent, caused primarily by charge transfer from the solute to the solvent, with a smaller contribution from hybridization and covalent bonding involving  s, p  and  d  electrons.

Strong Solute-Solvent Interactions in the Systems Mg-Pd and AL-Pd: Manifestation of Charge Transfer and s–p–d Hybridization