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In the first part of this paper, impregnation was positioned in terms of consolidation in composite processing and theoretical model for impregnation behaviors was presented. Impregnation behaviors were classified using the parameters contained in the model. Calculation for some simple cases was conducted. In the second part, impregnation behaviors of two material groups were experimentally estimated by on-line measurement of tool gap displacement during compression molding for making UD composites. First material group is composed of 4 kinds of thermoplastic composite materials. The other is thermoplastic film stacking with opened and unopened reinforcing fiber tows. Microscopic observation on the cross-section of parts fabricated at various molding time and measurement of transverse bending strength of these parts were also conducted. Based on the theoretical model proposed in the first part and these experimental data, impregnation behaviors of these materials were systematically discussed. The results suggest basic technological ways for attaining good impregnation in thermoplastic composites.

Impregnation Behaviors in Composite Processing: Theoretical Consideration and Experiments for Thermoplastic Composites