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A large series of experiments was performed using an automated hot-gas welding apparatus to investigate the effect of welding parameters (welding temperature, welding gas flow rate, welding speed, welding force) on the structure of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in polypropylene sheets. Based on optical micrographic studies the HAZ can be divided into three well distinguishable parts: the cool, plastic and flow zone of the raw material. A strong correlation was found among the width of the HAZ and the macroscopic size of the welded seam and its strength. It was demonstrated that (under the given boundary conditions) the strength of the welded joint can be estimated from the external geometrical size of the welded seam well.

Investigation of the Heat Affected Zone of Hot-gas Welded PP Joints