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The microstructure of a multi-material-electrode and in particular its porosity co-determines, to a significant extent, the energy and power density of a lithium-ion cell. Moderate and high degrees of densification with several intermediate stages were applied reaching porosities of up to 18 % in order to increase the theoretical energy density of NCM-based cathodes. By applying microscopic and material analysis methods, the microstructure development during the densification could be described and a direct relationship to the electrochemical performance of the electrodes could be demonstrated. Major microstructural changes in connection with a significant drop in performance at current rates ≥ 2C arise from applying densification with porosities of &lt; 25 %. Then again, compactions of the NCM cathodes generating 20 – 22 % porosity offer the highest energy densities at moderate loads, i. e. current rates ≤ 1C.

Investigations on the Microstructure-Property Relationship of NCM-Based Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries