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The paper discusses employing a variety of microscopical techniques and their limitations in the context of the evaluation of the area fraction of structural components. The idea of the joint application of several types of microscopes to area fraction assessment depending on the sizes of objects being evaluated is introduced. The relevant measuring schemes and formulae for the correct calculation of the total area fraction in two, three, four or five stage analyses using light and electron microscope techniques are presented together with practical examples and results. In this joint approach the advantages of each microscope type are utilized while avoiding the drawbacks. A concept of the local area fraction is suggested and applied in the quantitative evaluation of a carbide phase in an economical niobium high-speed steel. The appropriate variants of the joint method are recommended for various size scales and size distributions of objects to be analyzed. The methods described enable an accurate evaluation of area fraction in cases where the possibilities of single microscope techniques are insufficient.

practical metallography

The Joint Application of Various Microscopy Techniques for the Evaluation of Area Fraction of Structural Components – Theoretical Assumptions and Practical Aspects