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Ti 4 Ni 2 O, Ti 4 Ni 2 N, TiC and Ti 2 Ni are brittle compounds usually formed during production and processing of the Ti-Ni SMA alloys. These compounds adversely affect on workability and shape memory properties of the alloy. This paper presents most recent findings related to the morphologies of various inclusions and Ti-Ni phases formed during and after vacuum induction melting and casting of Ti-45wt.% Ni material. Cast samples were mechanically and/or electrolytically polished and etched. Extensive optical and scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to characterize the composition and microstructure of the as cast Ti-Ni alloys. Results indicated that mechanical polishing followed by etching was not proficient to reveal sufficient data on physical specifications and morphological changes of the born brittle oxide and nitride and carbide phases. An innovative set of electropolishing/etching conditions was, therefore, prescribed to yield detailed information on morphologies of the brittle phases. Experimental conditions were devised for characterization of the Ti 2 Ni precipitates, as well.

Microstructural Investigation of Hard Phases in As-Cast Ni-Ti Memory Alloy