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We have synthesised two kinds of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) through a pyrolysis process involving urea and melamine. The obtained products were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The product derived from the urea shows a mesoporous honeycomb-like nanosheet structure (denoted by h-g-C 3 N 4 ): compared with the bulk product obtained from melamine (denoted by b-g-C 3 N 4 ), the h-g-C 3 N 4  showed better adsorption and higher photo-activity for rhodamine B (RhB) reduction. The h-g-C 3 N 4  also shows good reusability after cyclic adsorption–regeneration. The present results evinced an efficient design, an eco-friendly and convenient photocatalyst, and a tunable photo-reactivity for use in sustainable light-to-energy conversion.

Photocatalytic properties of nano-structured carbon nitride: a comparison with bulk graphitic carbon nitride