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This paper first provides a critical review of experimental and theoretically-predicted diffusivities in both liquid and fcc Al–Si–Mg– RE  ( RE  = Ce, Sc) alloys as-reported by previous researchers. The modified Sutherland equation is then employed to predict self- and impurity diffusivities in Al–Si–Mg– RE  melts. The self-diffusivity of metastable fcc Sc is evaluated via the first-principles computed activation energy and semi-empirical relations. Based on the critically-reviewed and presently evaluated diffusivity information, atomic mobility descriptions for liquid and fcc phases in the Al–Si–Mg– RE  systems are established by means of the Diffusion-Controlled TRAnsformation (DICTRA) software package. Comprehensive comparisons show that most of the measured and theoretically-predicted diffusivities can be reasonably reproduced by the present atomic mobility descriptions. The atomic mobility descriptions for liquid and fcc Al–Si–Mg– RE  alloys are further validated by comparing the model-predicted differential scanning calorimetry curves for  RE -containing A357 alloys during solidification against experimental data. Detailed analysis of the curves and microstructures in  RE -free and  RE -containing A357 alloys indicates that both Ce and Sc can serve as the grain refiner for A357 alloys, and that the grain refinement efficiency of Sc is much higher.

international journal of materials research

Atomic mobility in liquid and fcc Al–Si–Mg– RE  ( RE  = Ce, Sc) alloys and its application to the simulation of solidification processes in  RE -containing A357 alloys