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Phase equilibria in the “MnO”–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2  pseudo-ternary system in equilibrium with metallic alloy have been experimentally investigated in the temperature range from 1 423 K to 1 523 K. This study is a part of a broader research program on the phase equilibria in the Al 2 O 3 –CaO–Li 2 O–“MnO”–SiO 2  system, which is of importance to the slags used in a novel pyrometallurgical process for recycling of electric car batteries. The experimental procedures involve equilibration of high purity powder mixtures at high temperatures, rapid quenching, and accurate measurement of phase compositions using electron probe X-ray microanalysis, which allow the slag liquidus temperatures to be determined. This paper is part 1 of a series of two papers and focuses on the improvement of the experimental methodology. A number of elementary reactions taking place in the samples have been identified, including the formation of a tridymite ring around the alloy particles, manganese oxidation and manganese vaporization. This enabled relevant modifications to the experimental methodology to be introduced. The liquidus at 1 423 K, 1 473 K and 1 523 K in the high silica area and the solid solubility data in the tridymite and rhodonite phases have been reported.

international journal of materials research

Phase equilibria studies of the “MnO”–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2  system in equilibrium with metallic alloy. Part 1: Development of the technique and determination of liquidus isotherms between 1 423 K and 1 523 K