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Mullite-type Bi 2 Al 4 O 9  is a potential material for electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells. Colloidal dispersed homogeneous mixtures of commercial, submicron Bi 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3  and CaCO 3  powders were used to fabricate mullite-type Bi 2 Al 4 O 9  and (Bi,Ca) 2 Al 4 O 9  by means of reaction sintering in the solid state or in liquid-phase assisted processes. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the sintering density was compared to two conventional sintering runs. This showed that the formation of the mullite-type Bi 2 Al 4 O 9  proceeds via dissolution of Al 2 O 3  in Bi 2 O 3  at the temperatures &gt; 750°C. Details on the formation mechanisms of mullite phase, electrical conductivity versus the residual γ-Bi 24 Al 2 O 39  phase, and effects of Ca-dopant are reported.

Synthesis and electrical conductivity of mullite-type Bi 2 Al 4 O 9 and (Bi,Ca) 2 Al 4 O 9 ceramics