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Tubular ZnO clusters and rods have been fabricated using a simple template-free hydrothermal method by controlling the reaction temperature, pH value and reaction time. The obtained ZnO products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results show that the formation of the tubular ZnO clusters and rods involves both a growth process and a dissolution process. The reaction temperature and reaction time play important roles in the formation of the ZnO clusters and rods with tubular morphologies. The possible formation mechanism of tubular ZnO is discussed.

Template-free hydrothermal synthesis of tubular ZnO clusters and rods