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Two refinement methods for Al-50Si alloy are presented in this article: one way is using a newly developed Si-20P alloy at 1573 K; another technique is using the Si-20P alloy in company with Al-TiO 2 -C mixture powder at 1473 K. Compared to the first method, the second one not only has better refinement effect on primary Si but also lower refinement temperature. These results are due to the combined effect of TiC and AlP on the refinement process, and the duplex TiC/AlP nucleus of primary silicon has been demonstrated using electron probe micro-analysis. Moreover, the reaction of Al-TiO 2 -C mixture powder with increasing temperature was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, which shows that the TiC particles are produced at about 1473 K. AlP particles combine with the in-situ TiC particles in the melt, which is the main reason for the formation of a duplex nucleus, and the disregistry between TiC and AlP in low-index planes is also discussed.

The combined effect of titanic carbide and aluminum phosphide on the refinement of primary silicon in Al-50Si alloy