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Modern advanced 9–12% Cr steels are complex alloys with excellent creep strength even at high temperatures up to 620°C. In this work, the experimentally observed creep rupture strength of the European COST alloy E2 is compared to the calculated maximum obstacle effect (Orowan stress) caused by the precipitates present in these steels for different heat treatment conditions. The applied model for precipitation strengthening is briefly outlined. It is shown that the differences in creep rupture strength caused by different heat treatments disappear after a long time under service conditions. This observation is discussed on the basis of the calculated evolution of the precipitate microstructure. The concept of boosting long-term creep rupture strength by maximizing the initial creep strength with optimum quality heat treatment parameters for precipitation strengthening is critically assessed.

Predicted precipitate back-stress and creep rupture strength of the advanced 9–12% Cr steel COST E2