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In welding, the change of the aggregate state solid-liquid-solid is, via a localized heat action at the welding point used for the material binding joining of parts. Due to the thermal expansion and also due to structural changes, heat residual stresses and transformation residual stresses develop which often exert a negative influence on the precision of the part. When the shrinkage-induced residual stresses exceed the temperature-dependent yield stress, weldment distortion is the consequence. For reduction of the distortion and the residual tensile stresses in welded seams on carbon manganese steels, low transformation temperature materials (LTT) were developed. These materials use the volume expansion effect during martensitic transformation. The volume expansion counteracts volume shrinkage during cooling. The metallographic analysis of an electron beam welded seam in unalloyed steel with LTT filler material has been demonstrated in Part 1. This second part shows the effect on near-surface residual stresses examined by hole drilling method in combination with an optical evaluation by electronic speckle pattern interferometry.

materials testing

Confirmation of tensile residual stress reduction in electron beam welding using low transformation temperature materials (LTT) as localized metallurgical injections – Part 2: Residual stress measurement