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A series of phenol-based anionic gemini amphiphiles called  α,ω -bis ( m -dodecanoyl benzene sulfonate) with different spacers (C 12 -E n -C 12 ) where n = 1, 2, 3 has been synthesized via three steps of reaction: (1) acylation of phenol by dodecanoic acid using trifluromethane sulfonic acid as a catalyst, (2) tosylation of mono, di and triethylene glycol, then (3) coupling of tosylated ethylene glycols with acylated phenol, followed by sulphonation of the prepared compounds. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using elementary analysis and different spectroscopic techniques including FTIR and  1 H-NMR spectra. Also an evaluation of surface activity for the synthesized compounds has been determined including: surface and interfacial tension, foaming height, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness and efficiency. The prepared surfactants were used in the synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles. The crystal structure, average particle size and morphology were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Phenol-Based Anionic Gemini Amphiphiles: Studying Their Influence in the Preparation of Cu 2 O nanoparticles