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1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid is a widely used CaCO 3  scale inhibitor. To probe its inhibition mechanisms, the effect of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid on surface charge and crystalline form of CaCO 3  scale was investigated. The results show that CaCO 3  originated from the equimolar mixture of Ca 2+  and CO 3  2  −  is negatively charged and 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid has no obvious effect on the zeta potential of CaCO 3 . Analysis of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystalline form of CaCO 3  was altered in presence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. With the increase of the scale inhibition efficiency, more vaterite appeared in the particle. So a conclusion was drawn that the formation and transformation of the metaphase was inhibited by 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, then the whole process of CaCO 3  precipitating was slowed greatly.

Investigation of Scale Inhibition Mechanisms Based on the Effect of HEDP on Surface Charge of Calcium Carbonate