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The focus of this paper is to show an approach on how to optimize manual dishwashing. After presenting the method developed for simulating a repeatable manual dishwashing process, the report shows the results of the experimental study exploring the main impact factors for the optimization of the water consumption by applying a mathematical regression model. These experiments demonstrate that the water changes in the main washing bath and the water changes in the rinsing bath are significantly affecting the cleaning performance of the dishes. Concentration of cleanser is found to have a negative quadratic effect, and the interaction effect of the number of water changes in the rinsing bath with the amount of detergent (respectively Concentration of cleanser) is found to be significant. As an explanation of this behaviour, it is suspected that soil particles are transferred through foam residuals, which are not washed off in the rinsing bath. Because of several restrictions, such as having limited statistics and having excluded possible impact factors, the developed model aims at depicting tendencies of the impact factor effects and may not be generalized.

Manual Dishwashing – How can it be Optimized?