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The aim of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of different commercially available biomonitors for the validation of chemo-thermal disinfecting washing procedures in textile service enterprises. In the course of quality management systems (e.g. acc. to EN 14065: Risk Analysis and Biocontamination Control System, RABC-System) the performance of disinfecting washing procedures has to be controlled and validated periodically by the use of biomonitors. Biomonitors (typically small cotton fabrics) are loaded with bacteria and often encapsulated in semipermeable membranes. The following types of biomonitors are commercially available: a) “open design”, fabrics soaked with blood and bacteria enclosed in textile bags, b) monitors with bacteria enclosed in a semipermeable membrane and c) monitors surrounded by a semipermeable membrane and covered with a hard plastic surface. The membranes should avoid bacterial contamination of the textiles and environment because bacteria are too large to pass the membrane. It is commonly accepted in practice that liquids, proteins and disinfecting agents can diffuse through the membrane. However, big differences in the germ reductions measured with different biomonitors were detected, depending on their individual design. Therefore the diffusion properties of several detergent ingredients were quantified by using semipermeable membranes. It is demonstrated that proteins and even active oxygen species, are retained by these membranes and are thus not able to kill or inactivate bacteria inside the monitors. Hence the use of biomonitors with membranes should be reconsidered, because they are mainly able to detect thermal disinfection, but barely react to the chemical part of chemo-thermal disinfection procedures.

Use of Biomonitors for the Validation of Chemo-thermal Disinfecting Washing Procedures