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Sohail Farooq1 Ijaz Ahmad2 Muhammad Akram Gilal3 Abdul Rahman Nizamani4 1Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan 2Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan 3University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan E-mail akram.gilal@usindh.edu.pk 4University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan FDI refers to long-term investment made by residents of foreign countries in a host country. It results in the transfer of technology, managerial skills and improvement in production techniques. FDI can be horizontal or vertical, horizontal FDI takes place when multinational companies' start same production techniques and activities in multiple countries and is driven by market seeking motives. Whereas Vertical FDI, on the other hand, refers to multinational company investing in a foreign firm doing the same kind of business that multinational operates domestically. FDI inflows to a majority of countries are vertical in nature due to lack of well-established markets and institutions and are driven by rent or efficiency seeking motives FDI has been considered an engine of economic growth for developing economies (Borensztein, De Gregorio and Lee, 1998; De Mello 1999; Chandana and Parantap 2002; Liu et al. 2002; Akinlo 2004; Eller, Haiss and Steiner, 2005; Moses 2011; Tintin 2012; Hussain and Haque 2016; Choi and Baek 2017; Ridzuan, Ismail and Hamat (2017) and has potential to generate employment opportunities, increase productivity, transfers latest managerial skills and modern technology, promote exports and contribute to host country economic development. It acts as a medium for transforming and mobilizing real and intangible resources and can result in economic growth of the country beyond imagination (Bosworth and Collins, 1999). JEL Classification: E22, E31, J24, O34.

Absorptive Capacity in Optimum Internal Utilization of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan