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Au Levant, les mandats ne s’etablissent pas sur un espace vierge, mais heritent d’une situation sanitaire deja mure et complexe dont ils doivent tenir compte. L’action sanitaire du mandat francais au Liban et en Syrie s’inscrit ainsi au carrefour d’une medecine de bienfaisance, qui s’appuie sur un reseau dense d’institutions de soin privees et communautaires, et d’une medecine securitaire de defense contre les epidemies, dans la continuite de l’histoire de la sante publique internationale dans la region. Lutte contre les flambees de paludisme ou de cholera, securisation sanitaire de la route terrestre du pelerinage a La Mecque constituent les axes majeurs d’une politique de sante marquee par la penurie, de moyens financiers plus que d’hommes, et qui s’est montree incapable d’elaborer un projet social et sanitaire d’envergure. In the Levant, mandates were not established in an empty space but inherited an already mature and complex health situation that they had to take into account. The health policy of the French mandate in Lebanon and Syria clearly stood at the crossroads of a medicine based on beneficence, which relied on a dense network of private and community healthcare institutions, and of a security-oriented medicine based on building defenses against epidemics and continuing a history of international public health in the region. Fighting against outbreaks of malaria or cholera, and securing a sanitary land route for the pilgrimage to Mecca were the major areas of this health policy, which was marked by a shortage of financial, rather than human, resources, and was unable to develop a large scale social and sanitary project.

Entre bienfaisance, contrôle des populations et agenda international: la politique sanitaire du mandat français en Syrie et au Liban