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This report describes the occurrence of fresh water and its relationship to saline water in the Lee Formation of Pennsylvanian age underlying parts of Elliott, Johnson, Lawrence, Magoffin, and Morgan Counties in the north-central part of the Eastern Coal Field region of Kentucky. The study is the second in'a series of saline-water investigations in Kentucky, and is the result of the initial study in this series, a statewide reconnaissance investigation of the fresh-saline water interface, which showed the presence of fresh water at depth in the study area. The presence of fresh water at depth is the result of flushing by fresh water (precipitation) over the past 270 million years. Precipitation entered the Lee Formation through a series of outcrops on structural highs, and discharged through a series of outcrops in the valleys of Paint Creek, Blaine Creek, and Little Sandy River and their tributaries. The outcrops resulted from erosion on the flanks and crest of structural highs such as the Laurel Creek, Mine Fork, and Mudlick domes, and the Irvine-Paint Creek, Blaine Creek, and Little Sandy River faults. The configuration of the piezometric surface shows the relation between ground-water flow and the geologic features in the study area. A flow-net analysis made for the Paint Creek drainage area, which covers approximately one-third of the study area, indicates that ground-water discharge into Paint Creek from the Lee Formation is about 600,000 gallons per day. Yields that may be expected from the Lee Formation are 10 to 15 gallons per minute from shallow wells in outcrop areas to 25 gallons per minute or more from fully penetrating wells away from the outcrop areas. The development of the cone of influence for one well, using a transmissibility of 2,000 gallons per day per foot, and the cumulative effect of the cone of influence of another well 2,000 feet away are simulated. The analysis indicates that a cone of influence around a pumping well penetrating the Lee will spread rapidly and widely in the aquifer. The quality of water in the Lee Formation is excellent, except for iron which frequently exceeds 0.3 milligrams per liter. Contamination by brines occurs in two distinct ways: by the upward movement of brine through abandoned oiland gas-test holes drilled to the underlying Mississippian and Devonian rocks, and from above by the downward movement of high chloride water from contaminated surface streams.

Occurrence of fresh water in the Lee formation in parts of Elliott, Johnson, Lawrence, Magoffin, and Morgan Counties, eastern coal field region, Kentucky