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The Bluewater Springs area in Carbon County, Mont, is drained by springfed Bluewater Creek. Water from springs feeding this creek and from a flowing well is used by a fish-rearing station operated by the State of Montana. Water is also used for irrigation, stock, and domestic needs. The U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife proposes to install a larger fish-rearing station and requested this study to determine the availability of water. Rocks underlying the area include the following units: the Madison, Amsden, Tensleep, Park City, Dinwoody, Chugwater, Ellis, Morrison, Cloverly, and Colorado. Of these, the Madison Limestone, Tensleep Sandstone, and Chugwater Formation offer potentially large yields of water by natural flow. Well depths required at the present rearing station site or at a site 1 mile upstream are: 1,250 feet into the Madison, 800 feet through the Tensleep, or 700 feet through the Chugwater. The yield of a well through these formations should be about 5,000 gpm. Westward dip of the beds favors artesian conditions in the aquifers, and faulting contributes to the permeability of the beds. The presence of extensive spring deposits indicates that spring flow has continued over a long period and no evidence was found to indicate depletion. The water is fairly highly mineralized but is of good quality for fish rearing as is indicated by the rapid growth rate of trout raised at the present station. Calcium and sulfate ions are the principal dissolved constituents. The groundwater temperature ranges from 44°F to 58°F, but much of the water is near 56 °F, reportedly the optimum for trout rearing. INTRODUCTION LOCATION AND EXTENT OP THE AREA The Bluewater Springs area, as discussed in this report, constitutes the headwater part of the Bluewater Creek drainage basin in T. 6 S., E. 24 E., eastern Carbon County, Mont. The detailed study includes about 16 square miles. This area is part of a larger area described by E. S. Knappen and G. F. Moulton (1930), who undertook the investigation primarily to procure data for classifying public lands.

Geology and water resources of the Bluewater Springs area, Carbon County, Montana