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Salt Creek basin occupies about 1,655 square miles of the dissected till plains of eastern Nebraska. Surficial deposits, in the basin range from alluvial and eolian deposits of Recent age to limestones and shales of Pennsylvanian age. Deposits of Pleistocene age, mainly loess and glacial till, mantle nearly the entire basin; scattered bedrock outcrops are mainly along the major stream valleys. Sedimentary rocks of the Dakota group of Early Cretaceous age immediately underlie deposits of Pleistocene age in most of the basin. In about 40 square miles in the western part of the basin, the Greenhorn limestone and (or) Graneros shale of Late Cretaceous age immediately underlie deposits of Pleistocene age. Limestones and shales of Permian age compose the uppermost bedrock in the southeastern part of the basin. Limestones and shales of Pennsylvanian age compose the uppermost bedrock in and bordering Salt Creek valley from Lincoln to the mouth of Salt Creek. The climate of the basin is continental and subhumid. Average annual precipitation at Lincoln is 25.73 inches; during 1921-55 annual precipitation ranged from 14.09 inches in 1936 to 40.1 inches in 1951. Most of the total annual suspended-sediment discharge of Salt Creek occurs on a few days of each year. In most years, 75 percent or more of the total annual discharge occurs on 15 or less days. Flow-duration data for 1950-59 and sediment-discharge data for 1951-54 indicated that the total suspended-sediment discharge at Lincoln for 1950-59 was about 18.7 million tons. A layer of soil 1 foot thick and about 13 square miles in area would be required to yield this estimated discharge. Computations of total sediment discharge indicated that bedload discharge is a minor part of the total sediment discharge over wide ranges of water and sediment discharges. The suspended sediment transported by Salt Creek is predominantly clay and silt. Water from most wells in the Dakota group contained high concentrations of dissolved solids and was of the sodium chloride type. The water from some of the wells, however, contained less than 500 ppm (parts per million) of dissolved solids and was of the calcium bicarbonate type; such water generally overlies the water containing higher concentrations of dissolved solids. Water from the sands and gravels of Pleistocene age in the southern half of the basin contained generally less than 1,000 ppm of dissolved solids, and water in

Sedimentation and chemical quality of water in Salt Creek basin, Nebraska