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As part of the City of Seattle's Cedar River Watershed Aquatic System Monitoring Plan, macroinvertebrates were collected from 45 sites in 1995 and 39 sites 1996. The samples were primarily collected from riffle and some pool sites within the upper Cedar River Watershed in the Cascade Range of Washington. The watershed is protected and supplies municipal drinking water to the City of Seattle. While a large portion of the watershed is undisturbed, some logging has occurred. The macroinvertebrate data collected were used to identify a series of biologically meaningful community attributes or metrics. Metrics were combined into a multimetric index and scored, forming a benthic index of biological integrity (BIBI). Each successfully developed BIBI multimetric list and score was used to evaluate the current biological integrity of selected sites with varying degrees of land management influence within the watershed. The BIBFs developed for these sites also provide a framework in which to evaluate future similar sites. For small, low order streams in the watershed, a series of metrics was combined into two statistically significant BIBFs capable of differentiating sites. The BIBI created for low-elevation and high-elevation, small stream sites were each composed of a unique set of metrics. Although the BIBFs were capable of differentiating sites, many of the BIBI site scores were highly variable between sampling years. The variation in some BIBI scores was large enough to result in a shift in the biological integrity assessment of some sites in spite of no known change in land management activity within the watershed between years. Under ideal circumstances, a BIBI will produce scores that are relatively insensitive to annual variability resulting from natural factors. For low-elevation, large stream sites a statistically significant BIBI capable of differentiating between sites could not be derived. The results presented suggest that BIBFs developed in watersheds with a narrow range of disturbance, such as the Cedar River Watershed, may be subject to annual shifts in BIBI scores. The future use of the BIBI presented in this study for the assessment of biological integrity should be done with great care and with other Cedar River Watershed aquatic system information. INTRODUCTION Background The Cedar River Watershed is located in the western Cascade Range of King County, Washington (fig. 1), and is the primary water supply for the Seattle metropolitan area. In August of 1995, the City of Seattle began a water-quality monitoring project for the watershed which was approved by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Seattle Water, 1995). The purpose of the monitoring project was to implement a program to monitor the chemical, physical, and biological attributes of the Cedar River Watershed. This was done to help evaluate the condition of the aquatic system; identify human impact or land management influences (LMI's) on the aquatic system from activities such as timber harvesting, road construction, and road maintenance; and prioritize watershed restoration projects. The monitoring plan contained three sections: hydrologic monitoring, water quality monitoring, and biological monitoring.

The development and evaluation of a benthic index of biological integrity for the Cedar River Watershed, Washington